White Collar Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

White Collar Crime - Essay Example This paper is a survey of desk violations in an Australian setting and will explicitly address the breakdown of the HIH Insurance Group, viewed as one the greatest corporate disappointments ever in the nation. The investigation will cover the wrongdoing/mischief, administrative disappointment, the current writing pertinent to the region of wrongdoing and guideline, and give a case examination, clarifying how and why the disappointment of guideline happened. As per Sutherland, â€Å"white neckline wrongdoing might be characterized roughly as a wrongdoing carried out by an individual of decency and high economic wellbeing over the span of his occupation† (The development of cushy wrongdoing, n.d.). The book, Encyclopedia of professional and corporate wrongdoing states that Sutherland verifiably clarifies that wrongdoing results out of neediness, however because of different reasons also. Sutherland built up the hypothesis of differential affiliation essentially to express that guiltiness incorporates â€Å"the social and business impacts that made people of high status disregard the law through occupation† (Salinger, 2005, p. 775) One of the most punctual among comparable specialists was Edward Alsworth Ross, who begat the term crooks, purposefully done to sound acquainted with words like a space rock, crystalloid or humanoid. Ross feels that such demonstrations were not seen as genuine by the overall population and the culprits themselves. (Geis, 2006, p. 26). Ross includes that there is a ‘shocking leniency’ by the general population towards such wrongdoings and the individuals who execute or are a piece of the wrongdoing. Is intriguing that the article which initially showed up in The Atlantic Monthly was written in 1907. Throughout the years, the term desk wrongdoing has come to be basically connected with business alone. Hartung attempted an investigation on infringement in value control of discount meat in Detroit in 1950. As indicated by him clerical wrongdoings are those dedicated by a firm or its specialist by the infringement of rules and guidelines.

Revolution in France, Latin America, and British North America :: Peasuasive Argumentative History Essays

Upset in France, Latin America, and British North America One potential meaning of an unrest is a demonstration of composed savagery to realize radical changes in the monetary, social and political relations inside a given framework. It utilizes power to decimate (now and then truly) and supplant the individuals who hold power. Using this definition, can the occasions on France, Latin America and British North America in the period 1776-1820 be viewed as upsets? Are some more progressive than others? Numerous progressions happened during the nineteenth century with the mechanical unrest. The insurgency, on the off chance that we can consider it that, began in Britain with the presentation of new hardware that subbed labor. These new apparatuses, first in the material business and afterward in others, were utilized in industrial facilities to make large scale productions, of materials on account of the material business. This new capacity to make large scale manufacturing of materials rapidly and with the nature of the most costly material in the market, made extraordinary changes, in Britain, yet additionally in different nations. The costs of materials drop radically, which made is workable for destitute individuals to bear the cost of it. This was an excellent change, since individuals got the opportunity to live with somewhat more solace. Another constructive outcome of the mechanical transformation in Britain, is that the recently made industrial facilities made a great deal of employments. This employments gave another open door for rancher; they started to consider themselves in an unexpected way, and huge numbers of them moved to the city, to accept a position in a manufacturing plant. Like any adjustment throughout everyday life, the mechanical upheaval likewise had negative impacts. A deficiency of food was one of these negative impacts. The individuals that moved to the city lost the capacity to take care of themselves, and the couple of ranchers who remained scarcely created enough to take care of their families, so there was spot to get enough food to take care of every one of those laborers. Lodging was another developing issue in Britain. The urban communities in Britain grew quick, extraordinarily the regular workers neighborhood which were developed for assembly line laborers to live in light of the fact that they couldn't bear the cost of whatever else. In any case, this advancement couldn't stay aware of the expansion in populace, so rapidly the working neighborhoods became stuffed, and afterward incredibly packed. The day to day environments of the common laborers in the urban communities rotted as quick, or much quicker as the populace expanded.

Insider Report What Its Really Like Working in Human Resources

Insider Report What It’s Really Like Working in Human Resources Human resource department â€" perhaps the one department in the workplace you don’t want to hear from since it might be bad news.But what is it like working in human resources?Is all you do really just about firing people and finding replacements?In this report, I’ll outline the different roles available in the sector and the misconceptions popular culture has on human resources before examining the qualifications and characteristics you need to work in the industry, as well as the core realities of what life is really like for a human resource specialist.WIDE SPECTRUM OF AVAILABLE ROLESWorking in human resources can be quite different to what you might think in your mind.First, though, it’s important to realize the industry is not offering you just a single role with similar types of responsibilities no matter what company you work for.Indeed, the human resources sector can offer a wide range of roles that all come with rather different requirements and responsibilities.Of cou rse, like with most industries, you have variety in terms of executive and junior roles, not to mention how companies in different industries might require unique expertise and knowledge from its human resources department.Interestingly to some other industries, human resources can also offer roles that require specialist skills in other sectors.For example, certain roles might require you to have a good grasp of sales or even marketing. Therefore, the opportunities to create a career in human resources come wide and varied.Of course, there are plenty of roles calling for specialization in human resources and management, so it’s not all related to other departments or sectors.In terms of the available roles in human resources, you could work with job titles such as:HR AssistantHR OfficerTraining OfficerHR DirectorAlthough there are a variety of different roles available, your job essentially involves dealing with the personnel in your company.This can touch upon topics such as hir ing new employees to developing current employees. Human resource roles are also often involved with drafting contracts, looking after health and safety in the company, and creating strategic personnel strategies to boost the business.Naturally, since the roles are so closely linked with the company you work for, the specific responsibilities depend largely on the organization and its requirements.THE ‘HIRE’ AND ‘FIRE’ IMAGE OF HUMAN RESOURCESWhat about public perception and the misconceptions people have about working in human resources?The most common problem is the generalization of the industry into something rather black and white. Human resources is often considered as the ‘hire and fire department’.To many, human resource roles are just about finding the right candidates for roles, conducting job interviews and laying off staff when the company tells them to do so.While this is part of the role for many human resource roles, it certainly isn’t as straightforward as that.As I outlined above, the sector is often in charge of things like employment law and the strategic interests of the business and its employees and therefore, it’s wrong to view it through a narrow lens of responsibilities.There’s also another side to the public perception of the department. It can sometimes be considered as the ‘mother’ of the workplace. If you have a problem, you run into the arms of the human resources department and complain about your issues.The problem with the perception is how people then imagine the department is either ‘good’ or ‘bad’ â€" they either make decisions to benefit the company or the employee.However, in reality, human resources has to find a more balanced approach to employment and personnel problems.Now, if you’d like to get a glimpse of how the popular culture portrays the human resources sector and working in it, there are quite a few good movies to watch.Some of the funniest and the most interesting portrayals of h uman resources jobs come from movies like:Inside Out â€" The story of different emotions and how they get along inside your brain. Doesn’t feature human resources per se, but almost feels like what the HR management team has to deal with every time there’s a problem in the company!The Human Resources Manager â€" A well-made drama about an HR manager who travels to take back a deceased former employee to his home country.Office Space â€" A hilarious take on what might happen when the HR department wouldn’t have qualified workers to keep a check on things.The above films are worth watching, especially after you start working in the industry.Movies can be an eye-opening way to see what other people think of the industry and perhaps helpful in finding the little lines of truth about the sector in the sea of generalization and misconception!WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY TAKE TO WORK IN THE INDUSTRY?So, now you’re on top of the misconceptions and the different roles that might await you i n the sector. But how do you find yourself working in human resources?The qualificationsThe most common route to a career in human resources is by obtaining the right kind of qualifications. Human resource, development and management specific courses are the easiest and most straightforward way of getting into the industry.These routes give you a good grasp of the industry and help you understand the terminology, methods and strategies used in a variety of HR roles. Example degrees in HR include things like:Human Resource ManagementHuman Resources Information Systems AnalystsThe degree options offer opportunities for both a Bachelor’s Degree and a Master’s Degree. Furthermore, you can also obtain certifications that help find roles in the industry.In some instances, these might even be necessary for certain roles. The certifications can vary from country to country.In the UK, a course from the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) can be a good route to take.As ide from getting a degree in HR specific courses, it is possible to get into the industry with a different academic background.Other common degrees that can help you find a job in the industry include:Business degreesAdministrative degreesLaw degrees, especially if you specialized in employment lawIndeed, transferring from a different sector is not at all uncommon in the industry.A 2009 survey of HR professionals showed that over one-third of respondents came to HR from an administrative background.So, opportunities are there even if you don’t have HR specific qualifications.The characteristicsAside from obtaining qualifications, you also need to have specific skills and characteristics in order to fit in the industry.If you can develop these four key characteristics, you might well be a good fit for working in human resources:People-oriented mindsetIt’s rather obvious you can’t make it in HR if you don’t like other people.The role is largely about balancing the strategic in terest of the business with the personnel and therefore, you need to be able to know how to align competing interests.If you don’t care about the wellbeing of others, you probably don’t have the right type of empathy to work in the sector.Good communication skillsSince you are dealing with other people on a regular basis, the roles also require you to have great communication skills.You need to be able to listen to other people, explain complex procedures to them and do all of this with compassion.You do not always deal with happy things (“You got a job!”), but sometimes you might have to make tough decisions (“I’m sorry but we have to let you go.”).Therefore, you need to be able to get your point across effectively yet empathetically.There can also be quite a bit of reading between the lines in the role.People don’t always tell you exactly what they think (perhaps in fear of reprisal), so you need to be able to understand what people want and need from the subtle cl ues and behaviors.Organizational abilitiesWorking in human resources will also require you to have great organizational abilities.The job is not straightforward and no matter what your official title, you’ll need to be in charge of different things.You might need to know about the payroll, the contracts, the training programs and so on â€" keeping everything running smoothly will require a good attention to detail and the ability to organize and prioritize tasks.Your days don’t tend to follow the same routine â€" one day you might be doing rounds around the company, while others you are talking to clients- and you must be able to schedule and sort out your responsibilities accordingly.Development focused outlookFinally, you must be willing to develop your skills.The industry is constantly changing and it requires many skills â€" you need to be IT proficient as well as grasp the latest legal changes in employment law.It’s crucial to have a curious attitude and the willingness t o develop your skills further. You shouldn’t enter human resources thinking you know everything.Not to mention you might be in charge of developing the strategy for the organization, as well as calling for the employees to train further.So, if you’re not able to know how development happens, why it’s important and the benefits of self-development, you probably won’t thrive in the industry.FIVE CORE REALITIES OF WORKING IN HUMAN RESOURCESHuman resources can be a challenging industry and working in the sector is likely to produce plenty of experiences â€" preparing yourself for what it’ll be like is not easy as no day is alike and different roles can seem different.However, there are five core realities working in human resources is likely to introduce you to. If you approach the industry with these realities in mind, you are likely to have rewarding and realistic career expectations.To get you started, here’s a video of a typical day for a Human Resource Director: Fast-ch anging schedulesHuman resources roles will require a lot of work and the days can be rather long. However, the work is not your typical nine-to-five in terms of the tasks you need to do.The workdays can be widely different from each other â€" one way you are strategizing a development and training scheme, the other looking for cost-cutting measures across the departments.Heather Clark, director of Human Resources at the Huntzinger Management Group, described the average workday to After College by saying, “It may come as a surprise, but, there is no typical day! Every day is different and every day means a new challenge in my world. Whatever “checklist” I thought I was going to accomplish, rest assured will need to be changed by the end of each work day.”The fast-changing work schedule means you won’t get bored at your job.However, it also means you need to be prepared to think fast and be able to quickly identify the most important tasks.You don’t have time to ponder th ings for too long in human resources â€" effectiveness is the key.Routine performanceWhile your workdays might not be alike on most days, you are required to provide routine-like performance. Expectations in the industry are high and employers don’t have time for failures in this crucial department.Your days might be different, but your list of tasks doesn’t change much: you might be in charge of the payroll, need to conduct interviews, go over contracts, organize training for new recruits and so on.These tasks can become routine-like tasks and results need to be meticulous.Furthermore, there is an administrative side to human resources and this can seem rather isolating at times.While it’s easy to think you’d be meeting up with other employees all the time, you can actually find yourself sitting in the office cubicle going through paperwork on multiple days.Business-oriented mindsetIt takes a business-oriented mindset to work in the industry.Many people overlook the need fo r human resources department to ensure the business is capable of achieving its objectives â€" what could be more important to achieving the vision than having the right personnel?You’ll be working closely with the people that can make or break the company, so you need a good understanding of business.Human resources professionals don’t just need to focus on finding a hardworking employee, they also need to know what kind of worker the industry needs right now â€" the talent and skills that can work in the current and future climate.When John Millikin, clinical professor of management and previous HR employee, was asked about his most rewarding part of the job, Millikin said it was, “having an impact on the success of the business and on the lives of the people in it”.People-focusedWhile business knowledge is an essential and somewhat surprising part of the industry, the key part of your job is about managing people.Human resources is among the most people-centric industries out there. If you can’t handle people and interact with all sorts of personalities, then you probably won’t be a good fit for the job.Your days will include plenty of phone and face-to-face conversations, meetings, performance evaluations and so on.You need to be good at analyzing and evaluating personalities and how they would fit the organization â€" it’s not a personality contest, but about finding the right talent to support the company goals.However, the people-focused nature of the job also brings its downsides. You don’t always have to deal with people in a positive environment.As the human resource professionals interviewed for the CBS News piece pointed out, the hardest part of the job is laying off staff and giving the bad news.Therefore, while you need to be able to empathize and relate to people to forge relationships, you also can’t take the role too seriously.Solid salary and career prospectsNow, what about the money?You don’t want to pick your future care er based on money alone, but you also shouldn’t be oblivious to what earning potential is ahead of you.In the human resource sector, the outlook is rather positive â€" especially in terms of job security. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the industry is expected to see job growth of 5% by 2024.The rate is around the same as the average job growth rate so it’s nothing special, but definitely on a strong footing.The salary prospect in the sector will naturally depend a little on your official job title.Furthermore, your earnings can be impacted by the geographical location â€" big firms near major business hub cities tend to pay more â€" and your expertise and experience.The organizations size can also be a factor â€" small companies don’t have the same resources as larger corporations.A good indicator of the potential comes from looking at the averages, both for professionals and the recent graduates. For example, recent graduates can expect to earn:Around $30,00 0 in the UKAround $54,000 in the USIf you enter the sector with a Master’s Degree rather than an undergraduate degree, you can push up the starting salary. In the US, Master’s Degree in Human Resources could mean you’re starting with an average salary of:Around $66,000 for HR ManagerAround $67,000 for HR Business PartnerThe earning prospects jump up quite a bit as you gain experience. The average salaries for different HR positions include:Senior Training Officer $33,000 to $39,000HR Manager $44,000 to $57,000Head of HR Department $94,000 to $125,000Directors of human resources could earn anything between £100,000 to £500,000. The earning potential is definitely there for anyone willing to push themselves to higher positions.You can find out the exact figure estimations and the sources for the above numbers here, here and here.THE BOTTOM LINE OF WORKING IN HUMAN RESOURCESHuman resources is definitely a great career path for someone who loves working in a demanding industr y and who gets along with people well.You need to be able to make strategic decisions and communicate with people from all walks of life.The industry is not quite what it is portrayed to be â€" there is plenty of balancing you must do between the business interest of the company and the wellbeing of the employees.However, it’s a rewarding job with a good earning potential and strong future job prospects. If you like to challenge yourself and push yourself further, then human resources can be a fantastic career path.

Police Career Research Paper - 1500 Words

Career Research Paper Police officers have played a major role in society by protecting us from crime. Their responsibilities include not only preserving the peace, preventing criminal acts, enforcing the law, investigating crimes, and arresting those who violate the law but also directing traffic, community relations work, and controlling crowds at public events. Law enforcement officers are a part of our communities to protect and serve us from danger and to apprehend criminals that disobey the law. It is their job to apprehend criminals and respond to calls from the people. Most enforcement officers have to stay in their designated areas, or jurisdiction, and respond to any calls or monitor the area. They are there to catch any†¦show more content†¦A history of domestic violence may disqualify a candidate. In some agencies, candidates are interviewed by a psychiatrist or a psychologist or given a personality test. Most applicants are subjected to lie detector examinations or drug testing. Some agencies subject sworn personnel to random drug testing as a condition of continuing employment (BLS, 2010-11). As you progress towards becoming a police officer, you must obviously go through rigorous training programs. Of these training programs, people must go to a police academy in order to train new officers. In these academies, training is committed to the basics of combat policing such as self-defense, firing range, and field tactics. Police Academies usually take roughly 12 to 14 weeks to train soon-to-be officers on these important basic tactics (BLS, 2010-11). In some small towns, new officers get their training by working with an experienced officer. Inexperienced officers always are accompanied by veteran officers in order for them to learn. In bigger cities, police departments give classroom instructions in laws, accident investigation, city ordinances, and traffic control. Also they give instruction in the handling of firearms, methods of apprehension and arrest, self-defense tactics, and first-aid techniques. Even when you become an officer, you might still have to be trained in order to use new equipment as technology becomes more advanced.Show MoreRelatedCareer Research Paper : Police Officers763 Words   |  4 PagesFrias Mr. Decker Government 7 October 2015 Period 4 Career Research Paper Police officers are responsible for protecting people and property. Related job titles include Sheriffs and sheriffs deputy, detectives, and state police officers. However all of these job titles have similar duties for example they are all responsible for the protection of people and property. These job titles might be very similar but they do differ in many ways. 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He replied by saying that they have to write papers on various terrorist events, both past and present; they also have to write about the motivations of terrorism, different methods of terrorism, and new versus old terrorism. I asked for an example of something they had to write in this class, he toldRead MoreEssay on Women in Law Enforcement878 Words   |  4 Pageswomen in law enforcement field had to face throughout time. Women troubled with being taken serious as a crime fighter, or if a women would ever be allowed to become a police officer, was a question because women are usually viewed from others as too small, weak and gentle to ever be taken serious from the public. In this research paper I will explain the background on women in the law enforcement and how women have the same intelligence, communication, compassion, and diplomacy as a male officer.Read MorePolice V. Guns On The Streets862 Words   |  4 PagesPolice v. Guns on the Streets My research paper is that people should focus on the streets that are mainly weapons, kids carrying toy guns replica from a real gun will be mistakenly the targets getting killed by police officer s. People have not realized that guns are the major causes of death. Against fellow police officers. it has showed that since the shooting of Oscar Grant and Michael Brownl increase the killings of police officers shot by a real or a toy replica gun. Police are basically putting

Special Education And Special Education Teachers - 1160 Words

Everyday teachers are constantly collaborating with other teachers, school officials, and staff to ensure success for each individual student. Collaborative teaching is successful way to teach and it has many benefits for the student. Special education teachers collaborate with general education teachers, school administrators parents and guardians, and school psychologist. Normally today in most schools, teachers work isolated which means it is one teacher to a classroom. Students with special needs and disabilities back in the day were taught in separate and isolated classrooms majority of the time. Now thats not the case, a lot of special needs students are getting an opportunity to be involved in a regular setting classroom. The†¦show more content†¦This also allows special education and general education teachers to collab. The special education teachers role in a general education classroom is to help teach the curriculum, work with assessing and evaluations, and to help with classroom management. It is vitally important for the special education teacher to bring in a personal set of skills that will help improve the learning of students. Skill sets from both teachers should be able to work together to help improve a students academic success. As a special education teacher working with school administration is a very important part of the job. Working with the administration will help a special education teacher follow all the laws and procedures, work with Individualized Education Plans (IEP), and making sure that all children with disabilities are put in an appropriate classroom. Building a strong relationship with the administration can make life easier and give a student a better chance at succeeding. The goal from both teachers should be that all students in the particular class are provided with appropriate classroom and homework assignments so that each is learning and progressing, and also challenged. Building relationships with the parents through this collaboration process is vital also. Working with parents can be one of the mostShow MoreRelatedEducation As A Special Education Teacher955 Words   |  4 Pages Unfortunately, I was not able to connect with Kevin’s primary teacher due to her busy schedule although, I was able to meet with an extended family member who teaches right here in the West Chester school district. While meeting with her I learned a lot more about her career as a whole. She is a West Chester graduate who finished about eight years ago with a major in education as well a minor in special education. When doing her student teaching she was one on one with an Autistic boy. 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I love the structure of how a school day runs and how it does not change much. A major in special education is my dream job. The ability to work with children of all special education settings is an amazing experienceRead MoreBecoming A Special Education Teacher1058 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Special education labels don’t define children; Children define themselves† (Dalien, 2015). I am interested in becoming a special education teacher because I have always loved being around children, and I have a soft spot for kids with autism and other disabilities. The first time that I ever thought about working with special needs children was when I was in the fifth grade. My mom worked at my school as a teacher assistant in a first grade classroom, so in the morning I would go to her classroomRead MoreSpecial Education Teacher Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesTo be a Special Education Teacher, you must be able to work with children and youths that have a variety of disabilities. The reason I chose this career path is because I want to help improve the q uality of life for those special needs students. In November of 2014, a little boy came into my life. This little boy was my cousin Lance he wasn’t supposed to survive birth, but he was a miracle and proved all the doctors wrong. Lance was born with Dandy-Walker Syndrome a rare congenital malformationRead MoreInterview With A Special Education Teacher962 Words   |  4 Pageswith a Special Education Teacher 1. Why did you choose to teach students with disabilities? The special education teacher interviewed, did not expect to teach special education when she graduated college. She got a job helping at a personal home with children ages 5-6 years old with some disabilities. After her experience with this first job she loved it, and began to seek positions in Elementary special education. However she was only able to obtain a position in a High School special educationRead MoreBeing A Special Education Teacher Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people would ask me what I wanted to be when I grew up, I never considered being a special education teacher. I thought I would be a lawyer, a doctor, a WNBA star, or even a Crime Scene Investigator. Never did I think one senior internship and one college course would make all that change for me. I graduated from a small private school in Martinsville, Va. During our senior seminar class, students were asked to intern at a job of their choice for one month. In order to complete the internshipRead More I Am A Special Education Teacher1138 Words   |  5 PagesPresently I am a Special Education teacher working with children who have a wide range of disabilities. My class setting is integrated, which mean half of the class is general and the other half is special. My primary goal is to modify general education lesson plans to meet each student’s needs and abilities. These needs may include, but not limited to emotional, physical or cognitive disabilities, teaching basic literacy and life skills. I have an interest in this field because I feel with the properRead MoreInterview Letter : A Special Education Teacher1186 Words   |  5 PagesThe person I chose to interview for my assignment was a special education teacher, and her name is Eloise Kerbs. Eloise is my supervising teacher at the elementary school that I work at. I have worked with her for a total of four years now. She however, has worked at Eudora Elementary School for total of eight years this year. She has been a special education teacher for a grand total of thirty-two years. She got her Bachelor’s degree from Fort Hays State University. She also received her Masters’Read MoreSpecial Education Teachers Help Develop An Iep1223 Words   |  5 Pages Special Education teachers help develop an IEP, or Individualized Education Program, for each student with disabilities (â€Å"Educating†). The IEP process is evaluation, determination of eligibility, and development (â€Å"Understanding). IEP’s take time to fill out because of the details. Special Education Teachers have to fill one out for each student they have. It is important that IEP’s are filled out properly in order to correctly track each child’s individual progress. Some IEP’s can be ten through

The Do This, Get That Guide On Journal Paper Writing Service

The Do This, Get That Guide On Journal Paper Writing Service Things You Should Know About Journal Paper Writing Service Essay writing takes a particular type of specialty, wisdom and passion, more than anything. The individual offering proofreading and editing should also be quite proficient in academic writing and if possible conversant with the topic under study as a way to have the ability to make contributions that might be content related. For some individuals, writing essays is among the most troublesome tasks on Earth. Additional writing an essay can be helpful in making a precise and understandable technique of expressing yourself and demonstrating your arguments. Journal Paper Writing Service Help! Additionally, editing services are a lot less expensive than custom sample writing. When you start writing a research document, the precise first and an important element is to locate a construction. Additional our service is entirely legal and legitimate If you're looki ng for reviews, we've included an open feedback section within the center of the site. Additionally, editing services are much less expensive than custom sample writing. Journal writing was mentioned above, but this is only a single way. Make sure to supply all vital details, or so the writer can finish a paper that satisfies the expectations of your teacher. Certified English speaking writers utilize an individual approach to each student. Thesis Writing is that which we do. When it has to do with essay writing and you're under the pressure with your deadlines you begin to hunt for a bit of help from professional academic writers. Employing an essay writing service doesn't indicate you're cheating because essays generally don't play an important part in your grade but they do matter. To begin with, you should read top essay writing services reviews, which you are able to find at our site. So as soon as you're writing an essay and in the event you think you are having a t ricky time in building a fantastic introduction then you're in a position to have in touch with the very best essay writing service that are based in a lot of locations. With direct communication by means of your thesis writer, you're never left from the process. Clearly, the perfect way is to order an essay online. You ought to be able to order an essay, research paper, dissertation, or some other sort of paper, irrespective of its topic. Lies You've Been Told About Journal Paper Writing Service The absolute most important part of an effective custom writing service is the original and one of a kind content. You should know that every one of our services comes with a 100% money-back guarantee. Perhaps, it's one of the very best service comparing price VS quality. A number of them only offer services in a little number of subjects and that's not great for you since you are not likely to locate what you need there. You also need a service which's top rated among students. First and foremost, you would like a service which meets your particular criteria in the easiest way possible. Deciding on the appropriate Thai translation service is frequently a tricky job, particularly if you care about quality. So How About Journal Paper Writing Service? There are lots of reasons why our company is the best option on the united kingdom market! At the end, you can wind up receiving a plagiarized or very low superior paper from precisely the same company you were led to believe was the very best. All you need to do is evaluate the a variety of writers that could be bidding to tackle your buy. There's no need to be concerned about shelling out plenty of money to find an opportunity to use our services. Journal Paper Writing Service: No Longer a Myste ry When you hire us, you can be certain that you're able to receive the paper that you truly want. Moreover, you can find the paper far past the deadline, or you might not receive any paper in any respect. To begin with, choose what you wish to achieve with your paper. The buy price for a custom written paper depends on urgency. Therefore, you might rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. Last, it must be legitimate as a means to provide research paper writing services. Not only which you can rely our research paper writing service but you could also afford it as we're offering research papers writing service at comparatively cheap prices. The research paper gives you the possiblity to think seriously about some issue. The standard of the chosen ingredients makes a tremendous difference. Finish the order form on the site and upload your necessary files and the team will begin in choosing the writer best suited to your requirements. Next thing you should check at when reviewing an assignment service are the kinds of papers. There are an assortment of ways to acquire the ideal translation services near me.

Enhancing Customer Loyalty at Woolworths

Question: Discuss about the Enhancing Customer Loyalty at Woolworths. Answer: Introduction The competition in the Australian retail is on the rise especially with the entry of foreign discount retailers such as Costco (US) and Aldi (Germany) which is leading to a declining market share of Woolworths (Mitchell, 2015). In this backdrop, Woolworths needs to take certain measures aimed at retaining the market share if not enhancing it (Symth, 2015). The concern is the failing market share for Woolworths which indicates that customers are highly price sensitive and tend to get attracted to the retailer that tends to offer the lowest prices as a result of which the discount retailers are making merry (RMR, 2016). While Woolworths owing to its business model cannot sustainably match the low prices offered by these retailers on a sustainable basis, it ought to look at alternate means where it could retain and possibly attract new customers by leveraging its brand and strong presence (Mortimer, 2015). This is imperative considering the acquisition costs of new customers (Nielsen, 2012). The primary research aim is to recommend measures that Woolworths can deploy in order to enhance consumer loyalty. These measures may not be limited to a standalone practice and may essentially a combination of certain practices which can enable market share retention in the short run. The various research objectives are as follows. To highlight the various measures which tend to enhance the loyalty of customers in the retail sector To identify the measures that Woolworths can apply in order to enhance the overall customer loyalty To highlight the likely effectiveness of these measures in the long run considering the industry dynamics currently prevalent in the supermarket segment in Australia. A mixed methodology would be applied for the given research problem. The first step would be to conduct a literature review of customer loyalty in the retail space with references to Australia and other developed economies. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire would be framed which would highlight the various potential strategies that could be deployed and primary data would be collected using the survey method. The target population for the survey would be the employees, supervisors and loyal customers of Woolworths. A sample would be selected at random which would consist of total 50 individuals whose responses would be collected. In order to ensure that fair representation of each group, a stratified sampling method would be deployed whereby survey responses would be recorded from 20 employees, 10 supervisors and 20 loyal customers of Woolworths. Besides, unstructured interview would also be conducted with five supervisors and five customers who would offer insight on how the company could deal with the current issue at hand. Considering that it would be unstructured, hence the discussion could be broad based and not limited to the practices identified as part of the survey. Further, the survey would then be analysed using various statistical techniques in order to find the favourable solution as per the response. Further, this would then be clubbed with the information collected in the interview and used to offer recommendations. The retail sector in Australia is witnessing a fall in the customer loyalty which is adversely impacting established players such as Woolworths (RMR, 2015). In this regard, the current business research aims to highlight the various measures which could be undertaken by Woolworths in order to enhance the overall customer loyalty and thereby resolve the current issue at hand. References Mitchell, S. (2015, November 9), Retailers prepare defence as foreign suitors search Down Under, The Sydney Morning Herald, Retrieved April 04, 2017 from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/retailers-prepare-defence-as-foreign-suitors-search-down-under-20151104-gkr8c6.html Mortimer, G. (2015, September 28), Down, down but not different: Australias supermarkets in a race to thebottom, The Conversation, Retrieved April 04, 2017 from https://theconversation.com/down-down-but-not-different-australias-supermarkets-in-a-race-to-the-bottom-48151 Nielsen (2012, February 5), WHERE IS THE LOVE? STORE LOYALTY DOWN AS SAVVY CONSUMERS USE PROMOTIONS TO SHOP AROUND, Nielsen Research, Retrieved April 04, 2017 from https://www.nielsen.com/au/en/insights/news/2015/where-is-the-love-store-loyalty-down-as-savvy-consumers-use-promotions-to-shop-around.html RMR (2015, September 08), Supermarket loyalty: whats that?, Roy Morgan Research, Retrieved April 04, 2017 from https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6442-supermarket-loyalty-whats-that-201509072312 RMR (2016, October 24), Supermarket weep: Woolies share continues to fall and Coles and Aldi split the proceeds, Roy Morgan Research, Retrieved April 04, 2017 from https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7021-woolworths-coles-aldi-iga-supermarket-market-shares-australia-september-2016--201610241542 Symth, J. (2015, June 17), Foreign competitors sour Australian grocery sector, The Financial Times, Retrieved April 04, 2017 from https://www.ft.com/content/351943ae-14b0-11e5-a51f-00144feabdc0

Philosophy Of The Human Mind Truth Essays - Theories Of Truth

Philosophy Of The Human Mind: Truth TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF TRUTH 2. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TRUTH 1. THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF TRUTH Epistemology is the study of what we know, how we know, and what we can or cannot know. In Epistemology, students are asked many questions about Truth and Knowledge. Here are two basic questions that students may be asked, What is Truth? and Can we really have Truth? The simple answer to this question is yes. Truth, in a philosophical term is defined as What the universe actually is not what one thinks it is or is not. An opinion in philosophy does not count. Good philosophers must be able to reason to others what they claiming are true. Everyone has his/her own opinions. If we allowed opinions in philosophy, then there can be no such thing as truth. If everyone has his/her own opinions, what can be true for you may not be true for me and vice versa. Being skeptical and saying that we can never know the truth does not change the way the universe actually is to something that it isn't. For instance, if I never went outside of my house or look outside my window, I will never know that the sky is blue. Even though, I do not know that the sky is blue, it doesn't change the fact that the sky is actually blue. Now, I would like to discuss with you two types of Truth. The first type of Truth is called Normative Truth, and second type of Truth is called Descriptive Truth. Normative Truth is Permanent Truth; Descriptive Truth is Temporary Truth. Here is an example of Descriptive Truth - I am in Toronto This is currently true, but what if I move to New York? Here is another example of Descriptive Truth - The CN Tower is located in Toronto This is currently true, but what if The CN Tower was moved to Montreal or destroyed? Than the statement, The CN Tower is located in Toronto is false. The other type of Truth is Normative Truth. Normative Truth is what the universe actually is, or what it actually holds. For example, The Sky is blue, 2 * 3, 1 + 1 = 2, Elephants are bigger than rabbits These are all normative Truths. We know that Rabbits can never be bigger than Elephants, or that 2 can never be greater than 3. These statements will always remain true unlike statements like The CN Tower is located in Toronto (Note: Descriptive Truth is not someone's opinion. The CN Tower is located in Toronto is known as Descriptive Truth, but is this someone's pinion? of course not!) Now that you know about Normative and Descriptive Truth, what you should also know are the three rock-bottom rules of Logic. Here are the three rules. Rule # 1: The law of Non-Contradiction (Nothing can both be and not be at the same time and in the same sense) Rule # 2: The Law of Excluded Middle (Something either is, or it is not) Rule # 3: The Law of Identity (Something is what it is). Notice: These are the three basic rules that every philosopher must know about. In rule # 2, it states that Something either is or it not You have to understand that Rule # 2 only applies to general concepts not specific concepts. For instance, the colour gray is not really black or white. Gray is a colour in between of black and white. If rule # 2 applies, than the colour gray would violate rule # 2, right? - No, of course not! Fundamental rules apply only to general concepts. The colour gray does not violate rule # 2 because gray is a specific thing. If gray violates rule # 2, then I guess colours in between of red and blue would also violate rule # 2. I also guess that 1.5 would violate rule # 2, because it isn't 1 nor is it 2. (No! It does not violate rule #2. None of them do violate Rule # 2) Here are examples of the fundamental rules. I am either male or I am female. (I cannot be both male and female at the same time) - This

Writing Techniques To Improve Reading Comprehension

Writing Techniques To Improve Reading Comprehension Periodically, I watch episodes of the TV show â€Å"Numb3rs† on Netflix just to pretend that I’m a math genius. My friend and I have made an inside joke about one particular writing technique the show has used to help dull audience members like myself understand the math technique they are about to use. We mouth â€Å"It’s like†¦.† to each other whenever a character mentions some obscure math approach, and then we wait for the characters to launch into the illustration. Moving past the hilarity of that particular video on so many other levels, you can see how the writers of that show made the math geniuses spout off the math technique they were going to use and then follow immediately with a more understandable example the lay person could grasp. I appreciate these more understandable illustrations. How To Discover Awesome Writing Techniques That Will Improve Reading ComprehensionBranching Your Ideas The â€Å"what if† and â€Å"it’s like† writing techniques  are a kind of â€Å"branching† approach to both idea generation and reader understanding. Following an idea down a singular path is a way to get things done, but it’s not a way to generate future ideas or think creatively. For example, when I set out to write about content marketing game theory  for this blog (and was hopelessly out of my element, believe me), I decided to branch out in a couple of directions so that I could better understand the topic as a writer and, perhaps, better explain the topic to the reader. By branching my idea and asking â€Å"what if†, I managed to come up with two examples (â€Å"it’s like†) for readers. Only by branching and traveling down various paths to see where they might take me was I able to do this. Writers' block? Branch your ideas with 'what if' and 'it's like' #writing techniques.Some content marketers prefer to have one idea and shoot straight for the finish line; that’s perfectly acceptable. But others, like myself, enjoy the happy accidents that occur when you allow your ideas to branch. Don’t be afraid to branch out; you won’t be left out on a limb. (rimshot) Recommended Posts  To Improve Reading Comprehension: 5 Teaching Theories That Will Improve Your Educational Content Marketing How To Use The Best Content Types To Boost Reader Learning How To Communicate Effectively With Your Blog Readers To Keep Them Reading Using â€Å"What If† To Generate Ideas The â€Å"what if† writing technique is usually something used by fiction writers to help them develop characters and plot, but it can still be helpful in a slightly different version for content marketers. Let’s use that game theory post of mine as an example. As I researched the topic more and more, the idea of a tree came to mind. What if I approached this as if it were a tree?  I wondered. I was struggling to understand the topic in a way that allowed me to explain it, but the tree idea seemed to have promise. Then I set about to talk about matrices and competitors. What if I used â€Å"The Fugitive† as an example?  It was a popular movie and seemed to fit perfectly. There were a few other â€Å"what if† approaches that led to dead ends, but by the time I finished with these two, I understood much better what I wanted to say in the rest of the post. Here are a few â€Å"what if† approaches you could use when writing blog posts. You can see they are much more than just about finding ideas, but also about the order and structure of the actual post, too. What if (I): Put the conclusion at the beginning? Used a recent hit movie as the foundation for this post? Played the devil’s advocate until the final conclusion? Said the exact opposite of what is expected/I believe? What was true was not true? Used a different search engine/resource? Learned how it was done five years ago? My blog could speak for itself?What if you played the devil's advocate until the final conclusion of your post?Sometimes silly questions lead to fresh ways of thinking about a common thing, even if the answer to the question itself is irrelevant to the branch you ultimately end up on. The â€Å"what if† writing technique is definitely part of your brainstorming toolbox  when it comes to finding ideas. It helps you write beyond the typical boundary and find research you otherwise wouldn’t have considered looking for. Using â€Å"It’s Like† To Explain Ideas Using the â€Å"it’s like† writing technique will help you do three crucial things with your content: Understanding:  Obviously, the â€Å"it’s like† approach helps your reader understand an idea in a different way. It’s a classic method teachers use. Hook:  The â€Å"it’s like† technique can also grab your reader’s attention if you approach this method with a certain level of non-conformity and use comparisons the reader doesn’t expect. Convince:  When you’re selling a new idea or product that is unfamiliar to your audience, there’s a barrier you need to overcome. Using â€Å"it’s like† and explaining it as something familiar helps reduce that barrier  and make it easier for a reader to buy into what you have to say. But first: If there’s one thing you don’t want to do on social media, it’s misuse the words â€Å"metaphor† and â€Å"simile†; the grammar police will correct you. Metaphors simply make a comparison, while similes use the words â€Å"like† or â€Å"as† to compare things. For example: I tend to think of metaphors as all about making a strong statement with language (it’s not  like  something, it is  something), while similes are all about helping readers understand a bit more gently. Using â€Å"it’s like† is the simile approach to explanation, though you are taking it a bit further than a simple simile comparison most of the time. If you’re following the lead of the writers in the show â€Å"Numb3rs†, you are looking for an in-depth explanation that matches ounce for ounce the concept you want your reader to comprehend  in their own terms. You are looking for an analogy. Similes can spice up your copy and create a playful collection of words that pique a reader’s interest, but analogy is the true workhorse of the â€Å"it’s like† writing technique, a kind of extended version of a simile. When creating analogies, remember: Your audience matters.  Analogies work best when you use an example that your audience understands. I could use a variety of farming analogies that I know from growing up on a farm, but most of the readers of this blog aren’t farmers. That kind of analogy won’t help at all. Knowing what experiences your audience will identify with is crucial when choosing a simile or analogy. To make things better.  Not all complicated topics need an analogy; some just need to be clearly discussed. Analogies work best when a topic is so far out of the range of your audience, either through lack of knowledge or because they’ve never experienced it, that the only way to make the concept resonate is to repackage it with the familiar. Sometimes I write analogies and then eventually edit them out and the reader never sees them. Yet by writing that analogy, I helped myself understand the topic better and was able to explain it better without the addition of an analogy. To shed light on the larger concept.  Some topics are better served simply by breaking them down into bite-sized chunks than through analogy. You would better understand the process of changing the oil in a car if I explained the actual process step-by-step rather than me saying, â€Å"It’s like cleaning files off your hard drive.† Analogy is less useful in teaching step-by-step instruction (i.e. how to specifically change the oil in your car) and more useful in teaching the larger idea that those step-by-step instructions make sense in (i.e. you need to change the oil because your engine will be ruined if you don’t). That less is more.  Use one or two analogies, but don’t use too many more. Lots of analogies make things more confusing and actually dampen the power they might have if you used them more sparingly. Consider what you absolutely want your reader to take from your content, which topic is difficult or unfamiliar, and use your analogies for that. You don’t leave your audience with the analogy.  Once you’ve explained a concept through an analogy and your audience understands the underlying fundamentals, you should go back and reiterate what you wanted them to understand in the first place, drawing direct comparisons between the analogy again if needed, so they understand the actual topic and  the analogy. Recommended Posts  To Improve Reading Comprehension: Are You Making These 5 Assumptions About Your Audience? 4 Lessons From Psychology That Will Help You Grow Your Blog Analogies are all about helping your audience experience a moment of Gestalt, where they finally â€Å"get† the bigger picture of something that was confusing before. So, how do you find the perfect analogy? Figure out what the main point is.  Ask yourself what the most important thing is that you want your reader to understand about your topic. There is a lot they could understand, but what is the most important concept that you need them to take away in order to understand the rest of what you have to say? You could probably compare just about anything to everything, but you need to find something that gets a specific point across. Life is like a box of chocolate, is like a beach, is like an oyster, is like anything at all- but what is it you’re trying to say about life? Keep it mostly (but not too) familiar. As I mentioned above, your audience has to be familiar with the analogy you are about to use or they won’t understand it, either. However, by choosing or using a scenario that is slightly surprising, you’ll keep them interested in reading. We’re all pretty used to the â€Å"life is like a box of chocolates† saying by now, but when it first came out with the movie â€Å"Forrest Gump†, it was very novel and new. People wondered â€Å"how in the world could life be like candy?† and it made them read on. In the book Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking, author Douglas Hofstadter referred to boring analogies as â€Å"banalogies.† Generally, the first analogy you come up with is not the one. Go nuts and think of two or three or ten or twenty, and then choose from your list. Turn the distasteful into something good.  A great analogy not only explains a concept to help your reader understand, but it can also help them understand something differently. An idea that isn’t appealing from one angle can, with the help of an analogy, look a lot better from a different angle. For example, I’ve gone on record  stating that I’m not much of a salesperson. A few years back, though, I was reading a book on selling art which used an analogy to help me see sales differently. Instead of it being an exchange of money for goods or services (which it is, technically, and which seems tawdry at times), the author illustrated how sales is also problem solving (for the customer), an exercise in creativity (finding a market that fits the product), and so on. Through analogy, I was able to see things from a different viewpoint. Maintain your desired focus.  Analogies can get out of control. If you use sailing as an analogy, for an example, remember what your main point is and keep to it. Avoid veering off into using every aspect of sailing- ropes! knots! wind! boom! tacking!- and stick to just the parts of the analogy that will sell your main point the best. An analogy isn’t an anecdote; it’s a highly persuasive tool that can make the unfamiliar into something familiar. Maintain focus if you want the tool to work. Don’t forget the visual.  Depending on the content you are creating (e.g. written vs. spoken), you may find a visual helpful as your analogy, or alongside your analogy. In the â€Å"Numb3rs† clip, the imagery of the boats helps illustrate what the actress is saying. We visual learners appreciate it! For Fun:Which of the following similes would you love to see expanded into analogy? Why do some stand out for you and not others? Which ones make you curious enough to keep reading? Which could be used to clarify a particular aspect of content marketing? Run with them in the comments if you’d like to take a crack at it.Content marketing is†¦ Like a box of old pencils. A  camera without film. Like a movie without credits. Like a buoy in the Pacific Ocean. What happens when polar bears meet penguins. Superman with an extra cape. Superman without a cape.

Colonial America to Road to Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Colonial America to Road to Revolution - Essay Example People also entered America as servants that were required for management of the households and they were kept on the basis of indenture. Smith regards the story of indentured servants as one of the most dramatic event in colonial America. Slaves also ran from their cruel masters and established as respectable citizens and many whose masters were good to them, remained with them after migration. Many felons, thieves and vagabonds also arrived to colonial America in order to escape. Convicts and felons reached America because they were made outcast by English government and were sent to America. Most of the colonial America was populated by English men and women that came to America for various reasons. Therefore, many people from various lands including England reached America and were accommodated in it. People from diverse cultures and different religious ideologies reached America and form a united nation. Wholesomely, I like the essay by Page Smith but while reading, it appeared that I was losing the touch with the central theme of the essay. However, the essay is informative and is rich in terms of historic narration. It informs in detail about formation of America as a nation of diverse

Problem of Free Will Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem of Free Will - Term Paper Example Incompatibilist argue that an action is not voluntary and originated and reject any involvement of an external force in causation of such action. This means that an individual is responsible for their actions, and have the will to act without interference from an external force. As Hobbes expounds, this is senseless speech and erroneous reasoning that may lead to contention and sedition or contempt (Kow, 3). From Hobbes’ assertions, free will is an illusion and not a reality; determinism therefore best explains that which characterizes the lives and actions of individuals. Rickaby (2) argues that one of Hobbes assertions was great resistant and warning against rhetoric talks that may lead to erroneous reasoning considering free will. The quote â€Å"I can; if I will† was criticized by Hobbes as erroneous reasoning and that is not worthy to mislead individuals. The main issue is that free will is not a reality and life is determined by external forces that are responsibl e for causation of events. Nothing begins from itself but from an action of some other immediate agent without itself. When a man has the appetite to will or an appetite for something to which he immediately had no appetite for, the cause of the will is not the will itself but must be something else beyond his own control or in his disposition (Hederick, nd). Therefore, for the specific action, the will is not is not the cause of itself, but is caused by an external force outside the will, which makes the will possible in the individual. Voluntary actions or those actions that are considered as voluntary therefore have necessary causes and therefore are necessitated. This means that free will by itself as considered to be voluntary has to be necessitated by an external force that makes the individual to will; out of the will itself. The will is therefore determined. From this, it is clear that free will and compatibilism are not possible and as far as causation is required to necess itate events, determinism is the only possible; explanation that van be attached to actions in individuals. Human freedom and moral responsibility are not possible. Accepting the presence of human moral responsibility and freedom would require that humans have to be the last cause or the causation of all events and no external force is required in this process throughout their actions. Generally, one is not free to do anything or refrain from doing it but is a victim of circumstances where external causation forces make one to act in a certain way (Creel, 226). However Plato in his arguments on the nature of human being mainly explains the distinctiveness, human capacities and self conception as the main aspects that differentiate humans from animals. Many philosophers since Plato have held that the difference between animals and the human beings is having the rational part that makes humans to choose between bad and good (O’Connor, 2010). Largely according to Plato our ratio nal nature include our ability to choose what ends we may consider to be desirable or evil in that pursuing some ends would bring about a pleasant end while others may bring unpleasant ends. Therefore, humans unlike animals have the ability or the will to choose between these

EU Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance

EU Instruments for Pre-Accession Assistance Regional Development INTRODUCTION Cohesion Policy of the European Union aims to reduce economic and social differences between the Member States of the Union by supporting and encouraging regional development. The Treaty of Rome and the Single European Act promote decreasing differences in the regional development while regional policy provides investments for necessary restructuring in the less developed regions and support for infrastructure development, increase of employment, and stimulation of industry. To finance projects that contribute to the regional development cohesion and structural funds are used, which account for a third of the common budget of the European Union (Chalmers Dellmuth, 2014). The key objectives of regional development are regional competitiveness and employment, and european territorial cooperation (European Commission). The effort are focused on facilitating increased growth and convergence of the least developed member states and regions with the goal of increasing the regional competitiveness and thus improving cooperation with other European regions. In order to promote regional development, the European Union has secured additional financial assistance for member states through various funds. Cohesion Fund is intended for countries which need to meet the convergence criteria. The European Regional Development Fund, as one of the main financial instruments of the EUs cohesion policy, and European Social Fund, Europes main tool for promoting employment and social inclusion, are called structural funds and are aimed at strengthening economic and social cohesion in the European Union and at the reduction of differences in development between the regions. Kyriacou and Rocca-Sagales (2011) found that the Structural Funds reduced regional disparities in the period from 1995 to 2006. Beugelsdijk and Eijffinger (2005) and Ederveen (2006) also confirmed positive impact of structural funds on consumption and growth of GDP per capita, but only in countries with developed institutions. Effect of the use of structural funds to decrease regional differences is potentially reversed if transfers are above a certain limit (about 1.6% of gross domestic product). This has implications on the desirable allocation of resources in future, especially since, in the last programming period (2007-20113), transmissions to all new member states except Cyprus and Malta exceeded the given threshold. Popa (2012) points out that although there are examples of good practice of the use of EU funds, they often represent more a financial burden then they truly serve as a mean of reducing regional disparities, which is their goal. Reforms of funding in the new programming period 2014-2020 have the potential to improve the efficiency of the use of the funds, but significant effects of their use cannot be expected in the absence of structural reforms, given the constraints in monitoring the use of funds in different countries and the difficulties in establishing irregularities and potential illegal use of funds (Chalmers Dellmuth, 2014). Most authors agree that after 20 years of implementation of the EU Cohesion Policy its effectiveness remains questionable (Bachtler et al., 2015). In fact, in theory, the allocation of EU funds needs to be designed so to ensure that the poorer regions receive more funds. In practice, the allocation and the distribution of funds was under the influence of lobbying, the unwillingness of regional authorities to absorb funds, as well as of the lack of resources and incentives for the European Union to question the political motives for the selection of projects at the local level (Dellmuth Stoffel, 2012). 1. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDING European Regional Policy was adopted by the European Commission in 1965, followed by the creation of the Directorate-General for Regional Policy in 1968. In 1972, Regional Policy was recognized as an essential factor in strengthening the Community (European Commission).Regional policy has focused from its very start on promoting balanced regional development. The resources from the cohesion and structural funds are to be used primarily to minimize the differences in development between regions of the European Union as well as differences in the standard of living of citizens of these regions. Among the main objectives of the regional policy in the programming period from 2000 to 2006 were the development and structural adjustment of those regions whose GDP per capita was lower than 75% of the EU average, the economic and social conversion of areas facing structural difficulties and adjustment and modernization of the national policies and educational systems, as well as training and employment. For the financing of the regional development policy the European Commission established the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), whose objective is the elimination of regional disparities and promotion of a stable and sustainable development, the European Social Fund (ESF), aimed at developing human resources and employment, financial instrument for Fisheries guidance (Financial instrument for Fisheries guidance FIFG), whose goal is a balanced water resources management and development of the competitive infrastructure, and European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), whose goal is to support the Common agricultural policy and the improvement of agricultural structures and rural development. From 2007 to 2013, the number of funds was reduced to three (ERDF, ESF and the Cohesion Fund), and the emphasis was placed on the less developed regions, to achieve greater growth and higher employment rate. The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion in the European Union. European Social Fund (ESF) aims to increase employment and increase opportunities for finding a job in the European Union. The Cohesion Fund is intended for Member States whose gross national product per capita is less than 90% of the Unions and aims to support economic and social development, and helps to bring stability to the economic system of the less developed countries. Given that the three main objectives of EU regional policy are convergence, regional competitiveness and employment and European territorial cooperation, Cohesion Fund primarily supports convergence and, although it is the subject to the same rules of programming, management and monitoring as well as the structural funds and plays a similar role, the Fund has been primarily used to provide means for adjusting the national economies of the countries which had decided to introduce a common currency, and to relieve national budgets of the poorer member states. Investments in the areas of transport, environmental protection, achieving energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources are usually financed from the Cohesion Fund. For example, through the four national programs for Croatia, 10.74 billion Euro from the European structural and investment funds has been allocated in the period from 2014 to 2020. Croatia has a total budget of 12.67 billion Euro for investments into research and innovation, employment, education and training of employees, as well as for social inclusion projects, project in the public administration and civil society, as well as infrastructure projects and projects related to the protection of the environment Protection (http: / /ec.europa.eu, 2016). The management of the Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund is based on the principles of programming, concentration, co-financing and partnership. Programming is the process of allocation of structural funds in accordance with the defined objectives and criteria over a certain period of time. Concentration involves directing funds to where they are most needed. Co-financing means that part of the investment has to be obtained from domestic sources, while partnership implies close cooperation between Member States and the European Commission. Since the implementation of the Cohesion policy requires developed institutional framework, each state chooses one of three approaches for the implementation of the Cohesion policy differential approach, which is characterized by the separating the structures for the implementation of cohesion policy from the regular government bodies (for example, The Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom), the unique approach, whereby the funds are directed through the national, or regional ministries and agencies (for example Austria, Spain, parts of Germany and most new Member States) and the combined approach, which represents a combination of the previous two approaches (for example Finland, France and Italy). The choice depends on the existing administrative arrangements and levels of funding. 2. INSTRUMENT FOR PRE-ACCESSION ASSISTANCE Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance ( IPA) is the program for the countries which are in the process of accession to the Union. Pre-accession funds are intended to facilitate the economic and social transformation, which are included in the conditions for the admission to the Union. From 2000 to 2006, countries in the process of accession to the EU had access to financial instruments called PHARE (Pologne et Hongrie Aide à ¡ Restructuration Economique), ISPA (Instrument for Structural Policies for pre-Accession), SAPARD (Special pre-accession assistance for Agriculture and Rural Development), and CARDS (Community assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation). From 2007 to 2013 total IPA budget amounted to 11.468 billion Euro (narr.gov.rs). Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance consists of five components (narr.gov.rs): Transition Assistance and Institution Building. The first component of the IPA aims to provide support in the process of accession to the European Union, especially in meeting the criteria and standards imposed by the accession, transposition of the legislation and, in particular, the strengthening of the institutional capacity. Cross-border cooperation. The objective of this component is to promote good neighborly relations and regional cooperation between traditionally less developed regions in the countries which engage in the joint cross border projects; Regional Development. The third IPA component aims to improve economic and social cohesion through the development of the transport infrastructure, particularly the development of national transport networks and trans-European networks, protection of the environment including policies such as waste management, management of water supply and waste water, as well as the monitoring of air quality, the rehabilitation of polluted areas, achievement of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, and the development of regional competitiveness by fostering entrepreneurship and employment. The development of human resources. This component aims to contribute to economic and social cohesion and to achieving the priorities of the European Employment Strategy in the areas of employment, education, training and social inclusion. Rural Development. This component provides support for sustainable agricultural and rural development by improving market efficiency and facilitating the adoption of the EU standards, provides support for the establishment of producer groups and investments in the processing and marketing of agricultural and fishery products, as well as the implementation of best practices in the field of environmental protection and improvement in agriculture and development of rural infrastructure. All five components of IPA can be used by the country with the status of candidate country and which has implemented decentralized system of management of EU funds (Decentralized Implementation System DIS), while the potential candidate countries and those candidate countries which have not yet accredited DIS have access to funds from the first and second components of IPA (narr.gov.rs). Management of EU funds under Decentralized Implementation System is approved after meeting criteria and conditions defined by the European Commission. The first component of the Instrument for Pre-accession assistance is related to the transition assistance and the development of institutions, and it decreases as the countrys economy develops and gets closer to the European standards, practices and the membership of the Union. The second component of the IPA is related to Cross-Border Cooperation. Third IPA Component is a predecessor of the Cohesion Fund, while the fourth and fifth IPA components are precursors of the todays structural funds. IPA funds are not used exclusively for the implementation of institutional projects, but are also used for the preparation of the country for the accession through the implementation of prescribed objectives, principles. IPA beneficiary countries are divided into two categories (ec.europa.eu): Candidate countries for EU (Turkey, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) are eligible for all five components of IPA; Potential candidate countries in the Western Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution 1244/99) are eligible only for the first two components. Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance IPA II 2014-2020 was established by the European Parliament and the Council Regulation no. 231/2014 of 11 March 2014 and applied retroactively from January 1, 2014. IPA II is the successor of the IPA for the period 2014-2020 and has a budget of 11.7 billion. Users of IPA II are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey (http://ec.europa.eu). IPA II Regulation determines that the European Commission and the beneficiary of IPA II are to conclude general agreements on the implementation of the aid, which defines the rules for the implementation of the Unions financial assistance under the IPA II, primarily in relation to the management of IPA II, including the rules of programming, implementation, financial management, monitoring, control and audit, reporting and protection of financial interests. One of the major changes in the structure of the IPA II, which, instead of the 5 components comprising the IPA I, is the introduction of the policy areas. Policy areas within the IPA II are (PejoviĆ¡ et al., 2014): Reforms as part of preparations for EU membership and institutional and capacity building; Socio-economic and regional development; Employment, social policy, education, promotion of gender equality and human resource development; Agriculture and rural development; Regional and territorial cooperation. The most important innovation in the IPA II is its strategic focus. Each country should prepare a specific strategic planning document for the period of 7 years, which will enable faster integration, reform and development programs, and ensures a focus on the priorities in terms of regional cooperation. IPA II aims to facilitate the reforms in the context of pre-defined sectors. These sectors include areas closely related to the enlargement strategy, as well as democracy and governance, the rule of law, growth and competitiveness. This approach promotes structural reforms that are expected to help the governments to transform the given sectors and to successfully conduct harmonization with EU standards. In this way, the European Commission wishes to ensure the efficiency of the fund, sustainability and their focus on results. IPA II focuses on measuring the effects and monitoring the realization of expected results. IPA II aims at achieve four specific objectives. The overall objective is to support the beneficiary countries in adopting and implementing the political, institutional, legal, administrative, social and economic reforms that are required from them in order to conform with the values of the European Union and to ensure gradual alignment with the rules, standards, policies and practices for achieving full membership in the EU. The specific objectives of IPA II are (PejoviĆ¡ et al., 2014): Support for political reform: strengthening democracy and the rule of law, including an independent and efficient judiciary; promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, respect for the rights of minorities, including LGBT people, promoting gender equality, prohibition of discrimination and fostering tolerance, and freedom of the media and cultural diversity; regional cooperation and good neighborly relations; the promotion of reconciliation and confidence building measures; the fight against corruption and organized crime; strengthening public administration and good governance at all levels; capacity building measures to improve law enforcement, border management and implementation of migration policies; the development of civil society; improving social dialogue and strengthening the capacity of the social partners. Support the economic, social and territorial development with focus on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth: reaching the EU standards in the economy, including a functioning market economy and fiscal and economic governance. Economic reforms are necessary in order to face competitive pressure and market forces within the EU, and which at the same time contribute to the achievement of objectives in the field of social rights and environmental protection; promotion of employment, mobility of workers and the development of human capital; improving social and economic inclusion, in particular of minorities and vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, refugees and displaced persons; fostering an inclusive and integrated education system and the protection and restoration of cultural heritage; development of physical capital, including infrastructure improvements and connecting with the networks of the EU and the region; strengthening research, technological development a nd innovation capacity. Strengthening the capacity of recipient countries at all levels to fulfill the obligations arising from the membership in the EU by supporting progressive alignment with the EU acquis and their adoption and implementation, including preparation for managing structural and cohesion funds as well as funds intended for agriculture and rural development. Strengthening of regional and territorial cooperation to help beneficiary countries. 3. EFFECTS OF FINANCING During the programming period 2007- 2013, over 80% of the budget of the Cohesion Fund was allocated in the 100 poorest regions, with about 170 million people or one third of the EU population. The remaining 18.5% of the money is distributed to other regions in the Union (http://www.euractiv.com, 2012). According to the European Commission, in the next programming period 2014-2020 less than 70 regions will automatically qualify for the funds that are used to finance the convergence, as they have GDP per capita below 75% of the EU average. Regions in transition those who have a GDP per capita between 75% and 90% of the EU average will get less funds, but still can count on continued support from the Structural Funds (http://www.euractiv.com, 2012 ).   Ã‚   Figure 1: Regions by the development level in the programming periods 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. Source: Chalmers Dellmuth, 2014 In the 2014-2020 programming period it is expected that 25% of structural funds will be allocated in less developed regions (red in Figure 1), 40% in regions in transition (yellow in Figure 1), and 52% in the developed regions (blue in Figure 1. ). As for the Cohesion Fund, the funds from it will continue to support the development of member countries with GDP per capita of less than 90% of the EU-27 average, but will primarily be allocated to support investments in projects related to environmental protection and the development of transport. Part of the funds from the Cohesion Fund will focus on the financing of transport networks in Europe. Given that the capacity to absorb depends on the institutional factors, both in the EU and in the Member States (Georgescu, 2010; Voinea, et al, 2010), but also on the ability of regional authorities to co-finance projects and provide administrative support (Zaman and Georgescu, 2009), the possible effects of the use of structural funds are difficult to predict. According to the research, structural funds can boost GDP growth in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe from 0.1. to 0.7% per annum (Zaman Georgescu, 2009). Analyses of the effects of the use of the funds in the programming period 2000-2006 show that there has been some reduction in the differences between countries in GDP per capita, while in some regions growth was recorded. Zaman and Georgescu (2009) found that the structural funds boost export growth, and that in some cases, like in Romania, they led to economic growth, despite relatively low absorption capacity. Positive impact was also made in Austria, Belgium and France. However, according to Becker (2012), countries with low levels of education, weak institutions and poor governance did not make equally successful use of the funds. Thus, receiving more support from the Structural Funds does not necessarily mean development. For example, Pisani-Ferry et al (2011) found that inadequate institutional framework in Greece to be a reason for the inability of its government to efficiently use the funds assigned to it. CONCLUSION Theoretically, objectives of the regional policy of the European Union necessitate the existence of the financial support for the less developed regions to achieve the desired growth. However, in practice, during the distribution and the use of the funds many problems were encountered. Access to funds for underdeveloped regions did not lead to the desired growth, primarily because of the inability of the governments to use the allocated funds due to weakness of the institutions and low capacity. In more developed regions, the effects of the funds were much more significant. Changes in the programming period 2014-2020 are expected to solve part of the problems identified in the previous periods. However, declining return on invested funds and high dependence of a large number of the regions from external funding sources continue to threaten the achievement of the basic objectives that these funds are meant to support. Although raw data show that the Structural Funds have not always been successful in fighting the problems at all levels and in all countries. However, as many people are still unemployed in the EU, and there are full member countries whose GDP is still well below the EU average, the Structural Funds are necessary. The same goes for the Cohesion Fund, as it ensures faster accession of the candidate countries. These funds were designed to reduce the inequalities in the regional developments, and although they might not have been efficient in all cases, they certainly supported the growth in some regions, provide incentives for other regions to improve their capacity to access the funds and accelerate the growth. REFERENCES   Ã‚   Bachtler, J., Begg, I., Charles, D., Polverari, L. (2015) THE LONG TERM ACHIEVEMENTS OF EU COHESION POLICY, 1989-2012. Challanges for he new cohesion policy 2014-2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Becker, S.O.(2012) EU Structural Funds: Do They Generate More Growth? dostupno na: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/International%20Economics/1212bp_becker.pdf Beugelsdijk, M., Eijffinger, S. (2005), The Effectiveness of Structural Policy in the European Union: an Empirical Analysis for the EU-15 in 1995-2001, Journal of Common Market Studies 43: 37-51. Chalmers, A.W., Dellmuth, L.M. (2014). Whz Europes new cohesion policy is unlikely to enhance effectiveness of EU structural and investments funds. Dostupno na: http://councilforeuropeanstudies.org/critcom/why-europes-new-cohesion-policy-is-unlikely-to-enhance-the-effectiveness-of-eu-structural-and-investment-funds/ Dellmuth, L.M., Stoffel, M.F. (2012) Distrinutive Politics and intergovernmental transfers: the local allocation of European Union Structural Funds. European Union Politics, 13 (3): 413-433 ec.europa.eu, dostupno na: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/ipa/ preuzeto 3.3.2016. Ederveen, S., de Groot, H. , Nahuis, R. (2006) Fertile Soil for Structural Funds? A Panel Data Analysis of the Conditional Effectiveness of European Cohesion Policy, Kyklos 59: 17-42. European Commission (2012), EU Cohesion Funding Key Statistics, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/thefunds/funding/index_en.cfm European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/policy/object/index_en.htm Georgescu, G. (2010). Determinants of increasing EU funds absorption capacity in Romania, Oeconomica Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 Alba Iulia (2010) : 16. http://ec.europa.eu, 2016, dostupno na: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/publications/factsheets/2016/european-structural-and-investment-funds-country-factsheet-croatia http://ec.europa.eu, dostupno na: http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/instruments/overview/index_en.htm, preuzeto 3.3.2016. KPMG (2014). PUBLIC SECTOR EU Funds in Central and Eastern Europe Progress Report 2007-2013. dostupno na: https://www.kpmg.com/SI/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/EU-Funds-in-Central-and-Eastern-Europe.pdf Kyriacou, P.A., Rocca-Sagales, O. (2011) The Impact of EU Structural Funds on Regional Disparities within Member States. Environmental Planning C Government and Policy April 2012 vol. 30 no. 2.267-281. Liargovas, P., Petropoulos, S., Tzifakis, N., Huliaras, A. (2016) BEYOND ABSORPTION THE IMPACT OF EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS ON GREECE. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Greece narr.gov.rs, dostupno na: http://narr.gov.rs/index.php/O-regionalnom-razvoju/EU-politika-regionalnog-razvoja/Instrument-za-predpristupnu-pomoc-IPA, preuzeto 3.3.2016. PejoviĆ¡, A., LazoviĆ¡, M., MiriĆ¡, O., KneÃ…Â ¾eviĆ¡, I. (2014) VodiĆ¡ kroz IPA, Beograd. Pisani-Ferry, J., Marzinotto, B. , Wolff, G. B. (2011), How European Funds can Help Greece Grow, Financial Times, 28 July. Popa, A. (2012). The Impact of the Structural Funds in the Transformation Process of the New EU Member States, LEurope en Formation 2012/2 (n ° 364), p. 161-179. Voinea, L.A., Busuioc, A., Popovici, V. (2010). Reindustrializarea Romaniei: politici si strategii.Asociatia pentru Studii si Prognoze Economico-Sociale, 113. Zaman, G. and Cristea, A., (2011) EU Structural Funds Absorption in Romania: Obstacles and Issues, 2011, Romanian Journal of Economy, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 60-77. Zaman, G., Georgescu,G. (2009) Structural fund adsorption: a new challenge for Romania? Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting 1 (2009): 136.

The Significance of Family Meals in Faulkner’s Barn Burning, Shall Not Perish, and Two Soldiers :: Barn Burning Shall Not Perish Two Soldiers

The Significance of Family Meals in Faulkner’s Barn Burning, Shall Not Perish, and Two Soldiers The meal, and more specifically the concept of the family meal, has traditional connotations of comfort and togetherness. As shown in three of Faulkner’s short stories in â€Å"The Country†, disruptions in the life of the family are often reinforced in the plot of the story by disruptions in the meal. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, Abner enters the house at dusk and â€Å"could smell the coffee from the room where they would presently eat the cold food remaining from the afternoon meal.† (14) A warm meal would indicate fulfillment and cohesiveness within the family. The inclusion of the detail that the food was cold represents an inversion of these associations. The cold meal symbolizes the family’s distaste with Abner’s actions. The memory of the dinner lingers with the family as they get ready for bed and appears linked with negative images of â€Å"Where they had been were no long, water-cloudy scoriations resembling the sporadic course of a lilliputian moving machine.† (15) In addition, the emphasis that this dinner was in fact a left-over meal symbolizes that the pattern of Abner’s destructive behavior and its effects on his family will not change. In â€Å"Shall Not Perish†, Mother, Father, and the narrator receive news that Pete has died at war. Upon hearing the bad news, the family â€Å"fed and milked an came back and ate the cold supper.† (103) In this short story, the eating of cold food represents the cold, harsh realities of death and mourning. The family has been left with a permanent void and the disruption in the family meal serves to further illustrate this point. The mother in "Two Soldiers" is preparing to send her son Pete off to war. As Pete’s younger brother recalls, â€Å"Maw was getting Pete ready to go. She washed and mended his clothes and cooked him a shoe box of vittles.† (85) The mother’s desire to make sure Pete leaves with one last meal, shows her desire to still be able to nurture her son. This desire is inherent in the same way that faith is.

Concept of Long Term Care

The New York Times has reported that eating fish in a regular diet has more benefits. The article explains that the Harvard Women’s Health study says people that eat fish once a week had a 42 percent less likelihood to develop macular degeneration that was age related than people that ate fish less than once a month. Macular degeneration is an inflammatory disease and fish has the omega 3 fatty acid that reduces the inflammation (Rabin, 2011). The study was based on 39,876 women that were in their mid-life which was 99 percent of these women participating. The participants were handed a questionnaire in 1993 that had a detailed food frequency to fill out. These questionnaires needed these women to list an average of consumption over the past year of different foods with a specific portion size. These foods that needed to be listed were how much of tuna fish, mackerel, salmon, sardines, bluefish, and swordfish were eaten. These women were told to record how much, on an average, was eaten over this past year. The study took 10 years to follow up and only 235 of the 39,876 people developed macular degeneration. This is an eye disease that is progressive and is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly population (Rabin, 2011). The study findings were that the intakes of w-3 and w-6 fatty acids along with other dietary fats had been adjusted for the total of the energy intake using the residual methods. The intakes were categorized into tertiles that enhanced the stability estimates. The categories were an overall basis on the distribution of nutrients of all the women’s intakes. Tertiles were also adjusted for trans-unsaturated fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat. sided P-values and 95 percent of CI’s were also calculated. Also performed were the tests of interaction to evaluate the null hypothesis. These tests were of no differences in the association of the w-3 and the w-6 fatty acids (Rabin, 2011). The women that reported eating one or more servings of fish a week had a 42 percent less chance of developing macular degeneration than the women that ate less once a month per serving of fish. The most benefits that were found were by eating dark meat fish and canned tuna. These studies are prone to have a measurement of error which tends to have an underestimate in any association of diet with the risks of AMD. Any changes of the dietary intakes would likely be nondifferential to the AMD end point and would have a true association. The end point was based primarily on the self report of the participants. The data was based on a large population of many different women that had no prior diagnosis of any AMD’s and that regular intake of EPA, DHA, and fish had a significant reduction of risk of AMD. This appears to be the strongest evidence that support the role of the w-3 fatty acids and reduced the number of people that had advanced AMD (Rabin, 2011). The findings in this article were appropriate in the findings that eating fish once a week reduced the risk of the development of macular degeneration and slowed the progression of some that had early signs of the disease. The hypothesis along with the P-value that was used played a big part in determining the out come of this study. In conclusion, this study has proven that eating fish once a week can and will help to prevent the eye disease Macular Degeneration (Rabin, 2011).